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Computer Organization - Basic Computer Organization

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Every Computer contains five essential units or elements. Input Unit Output Unit Control Unit Arithmetic Logical Unit Memory Unit In the below picture black arrows represent data and instructions while other ones(arrows) represent controls signals passed between the components of a computer.  Outline Components 1. Input    - Input refers to the initial stage of computer operations where data and programs are entered into the system .    - The input unit organizes and transfers data to the computer for processing. 2. Storage (Memory)    - Storage, or memory, is where data and instructions are permanently saved .    - It provides space for storing data and instructions, both before and after processing .    - Intermediate results of processing are also temporarily stored here. 3. Processing    - Processing involves the execution of operations , including arithmetic and logical operations.    - The Central Proce...
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Computer Organization - Computer Subsystem (Software)

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 Software Software is the lifeblood of modern computers, providing the instructions and programs that make these machines incredibly versatile. It encompasses a wide range of applications, from operating systems that manage hardware resources and facilitate user interactions to utilities that ensure system integrity and security. Developers create software using programming languages, and various tools like compilers and debuggers aid in this process. Software continually evolves, embracing emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and cloud computing, shaping how we work, communicate, and interact with the digital world. In essence, it's the software that transforms a computer from a mere piece of hardware into a powerful tool capable of diverse tasks and functions. Software can be categorized to two main types: System Software Application Software 1.System Software   System software acts as an intermediary between hardware and application software .  It inc...
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Computer Organization - Organization and Architecture

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Introduction: In the ever-evolving realm of computers, it's crucial to understand the fundamental distinction between computer architecture and computer organization . These two terms often spark curiosity and, to provide some clarity, we'll delve into their definitions, the consensus surrounding them, and their enduring significance in the world of computing. We'll also explore their role in shaping the landscape of computer technology, from mainframes to microprocessors.  Defining the Divide: Computer architecture , as the name suggests, deals with attributes of a system that are visible to a programmer – those aspects that directly impact the logical execution of a program. A synonym often used interchangeably with computer architecture is " instruction set architecture " (ISA). The ISA encompasses instruction formats, instruction opcodes, registers, instruction and data memory, as well as the effects of executed instructions on registers and memory. It also l...
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